From annualreviews.org
The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention | Annual Reviews
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People have a basic need to maintain the integrity of the self, a global sense of personal adequacy. Events that threaten self-integrity arouse stress and self-protective defenses that can hamper performance and growth. However, an intervention known as self-affirmation can curb these negative...
on Nov 10
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This article is basically a scientific autobiography from a long and very rewarding career, covering childhood, education, theoretical work, observations, instrumentation, and some social activities. It is not meant to be a review of anything except an incomplete picture of my life, and the...
on Nov 9
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Diachronic Semantics | Annual Reviews
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It is well established that meanings associated with linguistic expressions evolve in systematic ways across time. We have little precise understanding, though, of why and how this happens. We know even less about its implications for our models of grammar, communication, and cognition. This...
on Nov 7
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Computational Psychiatry Needs Time and Context | Annual Reviews
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Why has computational psychiatry yet to influence routine clinical practice? One reason may be that it has neglected context and temporal dynamics in the models of certain mental health problems. We develop three heuristics for estimating whether time and context are important to a mental health...
on Nov 6
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“What makes us human?” is a central question of many research fields, notably anthropology. In this review, we focus on the development of the human neocortex, the part of the brain with a key role in cognition, to gain neurobiological insight toward answering this question. We first discuss...
on Nov 5
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Phaeocystis: A Global Enigma | Annual Reviews
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The genus Phaeocystis is globally distributed, with blooms commonly occurring on continental shelves. This unusual phytoplankter has two major morphologies: solitary cells and cells embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Only colonies form blooms. Their large size (commonly 2 mm but up to 3 cm) and...
on Nov 2
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The Geology and Biogeochemistry of Hydrocarbon Seeps | Annual Reviews
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Hydrocarbon seeps, deep sea extreme environments where deeply sourced fluids discharge at the seabed, occur along continental margins across the globe. Energy-rich reduced substrates, namely hydrocarbons, support accelerated biogeochemical dynamics, creating unique geobiological habitats....
on Oct 29
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Coastal Wetlands in the Anthropocene | Annual Reviews
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We review the functioning and sustainability of coastal marshes and mangroves. Urbanized humans have a 7,000-year-old enduring relationship to coastal wetlands. Wetlands include marshes, salt flats, and saline and freshwater forests. Coastal wetlands occur in all climate zones but are most...
on Oct 19
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Cognitive Control | Annual Reviews
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Humans and other primates have a remarkable ability to perform a wide range of tasks and behaviors, even novel ones, in order to achieve their goals. Further, they are able to shift flexibly among these behaviors as the contexts demands. Cognitive control is the function at the base of this...
on Oct 17
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Gambling and Related Mental Disorders: A Public Health Analysis | Annual Reviews
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▪ Abstract This article reviews the prevalence of gambling and related mental disorders from a public health perspective. It traces the expansion of gambling in North America and the psychological, economic, and social consequences for the public's health, and then considers both the costs...
on Oct 7
From annualreviews.org
Evolution of Thylakoid Structural Diversity | Annual Reviews
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Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved billions of years ago, becoming Earth's main source of biologically available carbon and atmospheric oxygen. Since then, phototrophic organisms have diversified from prokaryotic cyanobacteria into several distinct clades of eukaryotic algae and plants through...
on Oct 7
From annualreviews.org
Evolution of Grasses and Grassland Ecosystems | Annual Reviews
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The evolution and subsequent ecological expansion of grasses (Poaceae) since the Late Cretaceous have resulted in the establishment of one of Earth's dominant biomes, the temperate and tropical grasslands, at the expense of forests. In the past decades, several new approaches have been...
on Oct 6
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Ethnic Diversity and Social Trust: A Narrative and Meta-Analytical Review | Annual Reviews
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Does ethnic diversity erode social trust? Continued immigration and corresponding growing ethnic diversity have prompted this essential question for modern societies, but few clear answers have been reached in the sprawling literature. This article reviews the literature on the relationship...
on Oct 2
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Research On Degrowth | Annual Reviews
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Scholars and activists mobilize increasingly the term degrowth when producing knowledge critical of the ideology and costs of growth-based development. Degrowth signals a radical political and economic reorganization leading to reduced resource and energy use. The degrowth hypothesis posits that...
on Oct 1
From annualreviews.org
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Agroecology is often considered as the ultimate and most comprehensive solution to the many challenges of the agricultural and food system, also referred to as the agri-food system. This review investigates to what extent agroecology can become the mainstream model for transforming agriculture...
on Sep 29
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Sovereign Wealth Funds in Theory and Practice | Annual Reviews
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Are natural resources a curse or a blessing? The answer may depend on how natural wealth is managed. By transforming a temporary windfall into a permanent stock in the form of a sovereign wealth fund, resource-rich economies can avoid volatility and Dutch disease effects, save for future...
on Sep 24
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Selection Neglect and Political Beliefs | Annual Reviews
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Individuals, including researchers, often have to form beliefs about the political world from nonrepresentative samples—e.g., their friends, what they see on TV, or content on social media. Substantial evidence indicates that many struggle to account for this selection problem and generally form...
on Sep 20
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Plant-Driven Assembly of Disease-Suppressive Soil Microbiomes | Annual Reviews
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Plants have coevolved together with the microbes that surround them and this assemblage of host and microbes functions as a discrete ecological unit called a holobiont. This review outlines plant-driven assembly of disease-suppressive microbiomes. Plants are colonized by microbes from seed,...
on Sep 16
From annualreviews.org
Regulation of Bacterial Growth and Behavior by Host Plant | Annual Reviews
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Plants are associated with diverse bacteria in nature. Some bacteria are pathogens that decrease plant fitness, and others are beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth and stress resistance. Emerging evidence also suggests that plant-associated commensal bacteria collectively contribute to...
on Sep 14
From annualreviews.org
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Vascular wilt fungi are a group of hemibiotrophic phytopathogens that infect diverse crop plants. These pathogens have adapted to thrive in the nutrient-deprived niche of the plant xylem. Identification and functional characterization of effectors and their role in the establishment of...
on Sep 13
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Convergence Diagnostics for Markov Chain Monte Carlo | Annual Reviews
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Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is one of the most useful approaches to scientific computing because of its flexible construction, ease of use, and generality. Indeed, MCMC is indispensable for performing Bayesian analysis. Two critical questions that MCMC practitioners need to address are where...
on Sep 7
From annualreviews.org
Centralized and Federated Models for the Analysis of Clinical Data | Annual Reviews
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The progress of precision medicine research hinges on the gathering and analysis of extensive and diverse clinical datasets. With the continued expansion of modalities, scales, and sources of clinical datasets, it becomes imperative to devise methods for aggregating information from these varied...
on Aug 28
From annualreviews.org
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High-income countries have generally experienced falling fertility in recent decades. In most of these countries, the total fertility rate is now below the level that implies a stable population in the long run. This has led to concerns among economists, policymakers, and the wider public about...
on Aug 28
From annualreviews.org
Formal Theories of Special Interest Influence | Annual Reviews
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The impact of money on politics—whether through campaign finance, lobbying, or independent expenditure—raises key normative questions about democratic representation and accountability. In recent years there has been a deluge of new data allowing researchers to study money in politics from new...
on Aug 26
From annualreviews.org
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Extreme weather and climate events, such as heat waves, cyclones, and floods, are an expression of climate variability. These events and events influenced by climate change, such as wildfires, continue to cause significant human morbidity and mortality and adversely affect mental health and...
on Aug 14
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The New Education Politics in the United States | Annual Reviews
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, school district politics rose to prominence on the nation's political agenda, as school boards grappled with controversial decisions about reopening schools and implementing mask mandates. A growing number of political scientists are using newly available data...
on Aug 13
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NIMBYs, YIMBYs, and the Politics of Land Use in American Cities | Annual Reviews
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Debates over the development and density of housing have gained visibility in recent years as housing costs have skyrocketed in many metropolitan areas. With those who seek to limit development (NIMBYs) on one side and those who seek to promote it (YIMBYs) on the other, scholarly attention has...
on Aug 13
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Nature and Health | Annual Reviews
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Urbanization, resource exploitation, and lifestyle changes have diminished possibilities for human contact with nature in many societies. Concern about the loss has helped motivate research on the health benefits of contact with nature. Reviewing that research here, we focus on nature as...
on Aug 11
From annualreviews.org
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As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved during the past years, interactions between human immune systems, rapidly mutating and selected SARS-CoV-2 viral variants, and effective vaccines have complicated the landscape of individual immunological histories. Here, we review some key findings for...
on Aug 11
From annualreviews.org
Cities Shape the Diversity and Spread of Nonnative Species | Annual Reviews
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The globalization of trade and increased human mobility have facilitated the introduction and spread of nonnative species, posing significant threats to biodiversity and human well-being. As centers of global trade and human populations, cities are foci for the introduction, establishment, and...
on Aug 11
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Poverty and the Labor Market: Today and Yesterday | Annual Reviews
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World Bank estimates put absolute poverty in Asia and Africa at 50–60% of the population in 1980 and at negligible levels in the developed world. This review investigates whether Asia was always so poor, as well as the history of poverty in today's rich countries. Poverty measurement...
on Aug 7
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Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature | Annual Reviews
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Since its renaissance in the 1990s, psychological safety research has flourished—a boom motivated by recognition of the challenge of navigating uncertainty and change. Today, its theoretical and practical significance is amplified by the increasingly complex and interdependent nature of the work...
on Aug 2
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Amphibious plants can grow and survive in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. This review explores the diverse adaptations that enable them to thrive in such contrasting habitats. Plants with amphibious lifestyles possess fascinating traits, and their phenotypic plasticity plays an...
on Aug 1
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Wondering About Things | Annual Reviews
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Here you will find facts about and the opinions of an American astrophysicist who practiced in the second half of the twentieth century. The title explains why I did it. I invented some new ideas, I applied them to some astro objects, I computed things with pen and paper; I ended up thinking...
on Jul 31
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Detecting Thresholds of Ecological Change in the Anthropocene | Annual Reviews
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Ecological thresholds comprise relatively fast changes in ecological conditions, with respect to time or external drivers, and are an attractive concept in both scientific and policy arenas. However, there is considerable debate concerning the existence, underlying mechanisms, and...
on Jul 28
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How Viruses Shape Microbial Plankton Microdiversity | Annual Reviews
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One major conundrum of modern microbiology is the large pangenome (gene pool) present in microbes, which is much larger than those found in complex organisms such as humans. Here, we argue that this diversity of gene pools carried by different strains is maintained largely due to the control...
on Jul 19
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The Physics of Animal Behavior: Form, Function, and Interactions | Annual Reviews
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Understanding the physics of behavior in animals is a challenging and fascinating area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we delve into the intricate temporal and spatial scales of animal behavior for both individuals and collectives. We explore the...
on Jul 14
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The Role of Sleep in Emotional Brain Function | Annual Reviews
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Rapidly emerging evidence continues to describe an intimate and causal relationship between sleep and emotional brain function. These findings are mirrored by long-standing clinical observations demonstrating that nearly all mood and anxiety disorders co-occur with one or more sleep...
on Jul 13
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Understanding the Need for Sleep to Improve Cognition | Annual Reviews
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The restorative function of sleep is shaped by its duration, timing, continuity, subjective quality, and efficiency. Current sleep recommendations specify only nocturnal duration and have been largely derived from sleep self-reports that can be imprecise and miss relevant details. Sleep...
on Jul 13
From annualreviews.org
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▪ Abstract Students of public policy sometimes envision an idealized policy process where competent data collection and incisive analysis on both sides of a debate lead to reasoned judgments and sound decisions. Unfortunately, numbers that prove decisive in policy debates are not always...
on Jul 6
From annualreviews.org
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Scenarios to stabilize global climate and meet international climate agreements require rapid reductions in human carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, often augmented by substantial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere. While some ocean-based removal techniques show potential promise as...
on Jul 3
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Reproducibility in the Social Sciences | Annual Reviews
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Concern over social scientists’ inability to reproduce empirical research has spawned a vast and rapidly growing literature. The size and growth of this literature make it difficult for newly interested academics to come up to speed. Here, we provide a formal text modeling approach to...
on Jun 29
From annualreviews.org
Your Contribution to Support Knowable Magazine
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Our crucial role in stimulating discussion about science Annual Reviews articles: Capture current understanding of a topic, including what is well supported and what is controversial; Set the work in historical context; Highlight the major questions that remain to be...
on Jun 26
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State Policy and Immigrant Integration | Annual Reviews
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The proliferation of government policies to manage immigration has led to the emergence of an interdisciplinary literature that evaluates policy effects on immigrant integration. This review synthesizes findings from evaluations of policies regulating legal status and citizenship, the labor...
on Jun 26
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Adjective Ordering Across Languages | Annual Reviews
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Adjective ordering preferences stand as perhaps one of the best candidates for a true linguistic universal: When multiple adjectives are strung together in service of modifying some noun, speakers of different languages—from English to Mandarin to Hebrew—exhibit robust and reliable preferences...
on Jun 25
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Beyond the Tricks: The Science and Comparative Cognition of Magic | Annual Reviews
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Magic is an art form that has fascinated humans for centuries. Recently, the techniques used by magicians to make their audience experience the impossible have attracted the attention of psychologists, who, in just a couple of decades, have produced a large amount of research regarding how these...
on Jun 9
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How Fish Population Genomics Can Promote Sustainable Fisheries: A Road Map | Annual Reviews
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Maintenance of genetic diversity in marine fishes targeted by commercial fishing is a grand challenge for the future. Most of these species are abundant and therefore important for marine ecosystems and food security. Here, we present a road map of how population genomics can promote sustainable...
on May 17
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Deep Learning Sequence Models for Transcriptional Regulation | Annual Reviews
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Deciphering the regulatory code of gene expression and interpreting the transcriptional effects of genome variation are critical challenges in human genetics. Modern experimental technologies have resulted in an abundance of data, enabling the development of sequence-based deep learning models...
on May 14
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What Amphibians Can Teach Us About the Evolution of Parental Care | Annual Reviews
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Parenting is considered a key evolutionary innovation that contributed to the diversification and expansion of vertebrates. However, we know little about how such diversity evolved. Amphibians are an ideal group in which to identify the ecological factors that have facilitated or constrained the...
on Apr 30
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Reading and Writing the Human Glycocode | Annual Reviews
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The complex carbohydrate structures decorating human proteins and lipids, also called glycans, are abundantly present at cell surfaces and in the secretome. Glycosylation is vital for biological processes including cell–cell recognition, immune responses, and signaling pathways. Therefore, the...
on Apr 27