From jneurosci.org
Extensive Connections of the Canine Olfactory Pathway Revealed by Tractography and Dissection
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The olfactory sense of the domestic dog is widely recognized as being highly sensitive with a diverse function; however, little is known about the structure of its olfactory system. This study examined a cohort of mixed-sex mesaticephalic canines and used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), an MRI...
11h ago
From jneurosci.org
Oscillatory brain activity in the canonical alpha-band conceals distinct mechanisms in attention.
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Brain oscillations in the alpha-band (8-14Hz) over posterior areas have been linked to specific processes in attention and perception. In particular, decreases in alpha-amplitude are thought to reflect activation of perceptually relevant brain areas for target engagement, while increases in...
on Thu, 2PM
From jneurosci.org
Superagers Resist Typical Age-Related White Matter Structural Changes
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Superagers are elderly individuals with the memory ability of people 30 years younger and provide evidence that age-related cognitive decline is not inevitable. In a sample of 64 superagers (mean age, 81.9; 59% women) and 55 typical older adults (mean age, 82.4; 64% women) from the Vallecas...
on Nov 8
From jneurosci.org
A Multidimensional Neural Representation of Face Impressions
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From a glimpse of a face, people form trait impressions that operate as facial stereotypes, which are largely inaccurate yet nevertheless drive social behavior. Behavioral studies have long pointed to dimensions of trustworthiness and dominance that are thought to underlie face impressions due...
on Oct 1
From jneurosci.org
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Sleep disorders affect millions of people around the world and have a high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. While current hypnotics mostly increase non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), drugs acting selectively on enhancing rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) are lacking. This...
on Sep 24
From jneurosci.org
Circadian Rhythms Tied to Changes in Brain Morphology in a Densely Sampled Male
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Circadian, infradian, and seasonal changes in steroid hormone secretion have been tied to changes in brain volume in several mammalian species. However, the relationship between circadian changes in steroid hormone production and rhythmic changes in brain morphology in humans is largely unknown....
on Sep 24
From jneurosci.org
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The ventral frontal cortex (VFC) in macaques is involved in many affective and cognitive processes and has a key role in flexibly guiding reward-based decision-making. VFC is composed of a set of anatomically distinct subdivisions that are within the orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral...
on Sep 20
From jneurosci.org
Encoding of 2D Self-Centered Plans and World-Centered Positions in the Rat Frontal Orienting Field
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The neural mechanisms of motor planning have been extensively studied in rodents. Preparatory activity in the frontal cortex predicts upcoming choice, but limitations of typical tasks have made it challenging to determine whether the spatial information is in a self-centered direction reference...
on Sep 16
From jneurosci.org
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Physical exercise is a robust lifestyle intervention known for its enhancement of cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, the extent to which these benefits can be transmitted across generations (intergenerational inheritance to F1, and transgenerational to F2 and beyond) remains a topic of limited...
on Sep 13
From jneurosci.org
Dissociable Roles of the Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Human Categorization
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Models of human categorization predict the prefrontal cortex (PFC) serves a central role in category learning. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) have been implicated in categorization; however, it is unclear whether both are critical for...
on Sep 13
From jneurosci.org
The Future of Nonhuman Primate Neuroscience: Peril or Possibilities?
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COVID-19 and polio vaccines, HIV/AIDS treatments, blood transfusions, and organ transplantation are just a few of the medical advances made possible by research involving nonhuman primates, specifically monkeys. In neuroscience, we have monkeys to thank for deep brain stimulation therapy, a...
on Sep 12
From jneurosci.org
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Creating and evaluating predictions are considered important features in sensory perception. Little is known about processing differences between the senses and their cortical substrates. Here, we tested the hypothesis that olfaction, the sense of smell, would be highly dependent on...
on Aug 30
From jneurosci.org
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At chemical synapses, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) translate electrical signals into a trigger for synaptic vesicle (SV) fusion. VGCCs and the Ca2+ microdomains they elicit must be located precisely to primed SVs to evoke rapid transmitter release. Localization is mediated by...
on Aug 13
From jneurosci.org
Brightness–Color Interactions in Human Early Visual Cortex
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The interaction between brightness and color causes there to be different color appearance when one and the same object is viewed against surroundings of different brightness. Brightness contrast causes color to be desaturated, as has been found in perceptual experiments on color induction and...
on Jul 11
From jneurosci.org
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Humans are immensely curious and motivated to reduce uncertainty, but little is known about the neural mechanisms that generate curiosity. Curiosity is inversely associated with confidence, suggesting that it is triggered by states of low confidence (subjective uncertainty). The neural...
on Jul 9
From jneurosci.org
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Neurons are highly polarized cells that are composed of a single axon and multiple dendrites. Axon–dendrite polarity is essential for proper tissue formation and brain functions. Intracellular protein transport plays an important role in the establishment of neuronal polarity. However, the...
on Jul 8
From jneurosci.org
Laminar Dynamics of Target Selection in the Posterior Parietal Cortex of the Common Marmoset
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The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) plays a crucial role in target selection and attention in primates, but the laminar microcircuitry of this region is largely unknown. To address this, we used ultra-high density laminar electrophysiology with Neuropixels probes to record neural activity in...
on Jul 1
From jneurosci.org
Laminar Dynamics of Target Selection in the Posterior Parietal Cortex of the Common Marmoset
0 0
The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) plays a crucial role in target selection and attention in primates, but the laminar microcircuitry of this region is largely unknown. To address this, we used ultra-high density laminar electrophysiology with Neuropixels probes to record neural activity in...
on Jul 1
From jneurosci.org
Symmetry in frontal but not motor and somatosensory cortical projections
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Neocortex and striatum are topographically organized for sensory and motor functions. While sensory and motor areas are lateralized for touch and motor control, respectively, frontal areas are involved in decision making, where lateralization of function may be less important. This study...
on Jun 30
From jneurosci.org
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Category learning and visual perception are fundamentally interactive processes, such that successful categorization often depends on the ability to make fine visual discriminations between stimuli that vary on continuously valued dimensions. Research suggests that category learning can improve...
on May 31
From jneurosci.org
Mixed Selectivity Coding of Content-Temporal Detail by Dorsomedial Posterior Parietal Neurons
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The dorsomedial posterior parietal cortex (dmPPC) is part of a higher-cognition network implicated in elaborate processes underpinning memory formation, recollection, episode reconstruction, and temporal information processing. Neural coding for complex episodic processing is however...
on May 30
From jneurosci.org
Severity-Dependent Interhemispheric White Matter Connectivity Predicts Poststroke Neglect Recovery
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Left-sided spatial neglect is a very common and challenging issue after right-hemispheric stroke, which strongly and negatively affects daily living behavior and recovery of stroke survivors. The mechanisms underlying recovery of spatial neglect remain controversial, particularly regarding the...
on May 23
From jneurosci.org
Language Exposure and Brain Myelination in Early Development
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The language environment to which children are exposed has an impact on later language abilities as well as on brain development; however, it is unclear how early such impacts emerge. This study investigates the effects of children's early language environment and socioeconomic status (SES) on...
on May 2
From jneurosci.org
Respiration Modulates Olfactory Memory Consolidation in Humans
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In mammals respiratory-locked hippocampal rhythms are implicated in the scaffolding and transfer of information between sensory and memory networks. These oscillations are entrained by nasal respiration and driven by the olfactory bulb. They then travel to the piriform cortex where they...
on Apr 30
From jneurosci.org
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An integral part of human language is the capacity to extract meaning from spoken and written words, but the precise relationship between brain representations of information perceived by listening versus reading is unclear. Prior neuroimaging studies have shown that semantic information in...
on Apr 28
From jneurosci.org
Human Prosocial Preferences Are Related to Slow-Wave Activity in Sleep
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Prosocial behavior is crucial for the smooth functioning of the society. Yet, individuals differ vastly in the propensity to behave prosocially. Here, we try to explain these individual differences under normal sleep conditions without any experimental modulation of sleep. Using a portable...
on Apr 26
From jneurosci.org
Embodied Neural Systems Can Enable Iterative Investigations of Morally Relevant States
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The development of new technologies is best accompanied by—ideally, preceded by—serious ethical reflection. Difficulties in achieving this goal can arise because only after integrating interdisciplinary expertise is it possible to fully capture the breadth of issues regarding how any new
on Apr 10
From jneurosci.org
Caldendrin Is a Repressor of PIEZO2 Channels and Touch Sensation in Mice
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The sense of touch is crucial for cognitive, emotional, and social development and relies on mechanically activated (MA) ion channels that transduce force into an electrical signal. Despite advances in the molecular characterization of these channels, the physiological factors that control their...
on Apr 7
From jneurosci.org
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Despite major advances, our understanding of the neurobiology of life course socioeconomic conditions is still scarce. This study aimed to provide insight into the pathways linking socioeconomic exposures – household income, last-known occupational position, and life course socioeconomic...
on Mar 26
From jneurosci.org
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Deciding for a course of action requires both an accurate estimation of option values and a right amount of effort invested in deliberation to reach sufficient confidence in the final choice. In a previous study, we have provided evidence, across a series of judgement and choice tasks, for a...
on Mar 22
From jneurosci.org
Whole-Brain Deactivations Precede Uninduced Mind-Blanking Reports
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Mind-blanking (MB) is termed as the inability to report our immediate-past mental content. In contrast to mental states with reportable content, such as mind-wandering or sensory perceptions, the neural correlates of MB started getting elucidated only recently. A notable particularity that...
on Mar 22
From jneurosci.org
Propagation of Sinusoidal Electrical Waves along the Spinal Cord during a Fictive Motor Task
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We present for the first time direct electrophysiological evidence of the phenomenon of traveling electrical waves produced by populations of interneurons within the spinal cord. We show that, during a fictive rhythmic motor task, scratching, an electrical field potential of spinal interneurons...
on Mar 12
From jneurosci.org
From Circuits to Chromatin: The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Mental Health
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A central goal of neuroscience research is to understand how experiences modify brain circuits to guide future adaptive behavior. In response to environmental stimuli, neural circuit activity engages gene regulatory mechanisms within each cell. This activity-dependent gene expression is...
on Mar 10
From jneurosci.org
High-Fidelity Reproduction of Visual Signals by Electrical Stimulation in the Central Primate Retina
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Electrical stimulation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with electronic implants provides rudimentary artificial vision to people blinded by retinal degeneration. However, current devices stimulate indiscriminately and therefore cannot reproduce the intricate neural code of the retina. Recent...
on Mar 7
From jneurosci.org
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Neural oscillations are associated with diverse computations in the mammalian brain. The waveform shape of oscillatory activity measured in the cortex relates to local physiology and can be informative about aberrant or dynamically changing states. However, how waveform shape differs across...
on Mar 7
From jneurosci.org
Age-related deficits in binaural hearing: Contribution of peripheral and central effects
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Pure-tone audiograms often poorly predict elderly humans’ ability to communicate in everyday complex acoustic scenes. Binaural processing is crucial for discriminating sound sources in such complex acoustic scenes. The compromised perception of communication signals presented above hearing...
on Mar 2
From jneurosci.org
Chromatic Gain Controls in Visual Cortical Neurons
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Although the response of a neuron in the visual cortex generally grows nonlinearly with contrast, the spatial tuning of the cell remains stable. This is thought to reflect the activity of a contrast gain control (“normalization”) that has very broad tuning on the relevant stimulus dimension....
on Feb 29
From jneurosci.org
Flight Activity Alters Velocity Tuning of Fly Motion-Sensitive Neurons
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Sensory neurons are mostly studied in fixed animals, but their response properties might change when the animal is free to move. Indeed, recent studies found differences between responses of sensory neurons in resting versus moving insects. Since the dynamic range of visual motion stimuli...
on Feb 29
From jneurosci.org
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Cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain a major cause of disability and early-onset dementia, and there is increasing evidence that chronic neuroinflammation occurring after TBI plays an important role in this process. However, little is known about the molecular...
on Feb 23
From jneurosci.org
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Identification of replicable neuroimaging correlates of ADHD has been hindered by small sample sizes, small effects, and heterogeneity of methods. Given considerable evidence that ADHD is associated with alterations in widely distributed brain networks, and the small effects of individual brain...
on Feb 8
From jneurosci.org
Cortical Processing of Arithmetic and Simple Sentences in an Auditory Attention Task
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Cortical processing of arithmetic and of language rely on both shared and task-specific neural mechanisms, which should also be dissociable from the particular sensory modality used to probe them. Here, spoken arithmetical and non-mathematical statements were employed to investigate neural...
on Feb 2
From jneurosci.org
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Neurons within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of primates are characterized by robust persistent spiking activity exhibited during the delay period of working memory tasks. This includes the frontal eye field (FEF) where nearly half of the neurons are active when spatial locations are held...
on Jan 21
From jneurosci.org
Win-Concurrent Sensory Cues Can Promote Riskier Choice
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Reward-related stimuli can potently influence behavior; for example, exposure to drug-paired cues can trigger drug use and relapse in people with addictions. Psychological mechanisms that generate such outcomes likely include cue-induced cravings and attentional biases. Recent animal data...
on Jan 8
From jneurosci.org
Hippocampal Mechanisms Support Cortisol-Induced Memory Enhancements
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Stress can powerfully influence episodic memory, often enhancing memory encoding for emotionally salient information. These stress-induced memory enhancements stand at odds with demonstrations that stress and the stress-related hormone cortisol can negatively affect the hippocampus, a brain...
on Jan 7
From jneurosci.org
Attachment Reminders Trigger Widespread Synchrony across Multiple Brains
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Infant stimuli elicit widespread neural and behavioral response in human adults, and such massive allocation of resources attests to the evolutionary significance of the primary attachment. Here, we examined whether attachment reminders also trigger cross-brain concordance and generate greater...
on Jan 4
From jneurosci.org
Hippocampal Replay Captures the Unique Topological Structure of a Novel Environment
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Hippocampal place-cell replay has been proposed as a fundamental mechanism of learning and memory, which might support navigational learning and planning. An important hypothesis of relevance to these proposed functions is that the information encoded in replay should reflect the topological...
on Dec 30
From jneurosci.org
Theta-alpha connectivity in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit predicts working memory load
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Working memory (WM) maintenance relies on multiple brain regions and inter-regional communications. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) are thought to support this operation. Besides, EC is the main gateway for information between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, the circuit-level...
on Dec 16
From jneurosci.org
Introducing Open Peer Review at JNeurosci
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Scientific publishing has dramatically changed in recent years, and, as a result, there have been a number of exciting and very useful improvements to the peer review process. This process focuses on the evaluation of scientific work as a method of scholarly quality assurance in terms of scientific
on Nov 30
From jneurosci.org
Amphetamines Improve the Motivation to Invest Effort in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Prevailing frameworks propose that a key feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is lower motivation. An important component of motivation is the willingness to engage in cognitively or physically effortful behavior. However, the degree to which effort sensitivity is impaired...
on Nov 27
From jneurosci.org
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The ability to store information about the past to dynamically predict and prepare for the future is among the most fundamental tasks the brain performs. To date, the problems of understanding how the brain stores and organizes information about the past (memory) and how the brain represents and...
on Nov 20