From plos.org
Giant clams as open-source, scalable reef environmental biomonitors
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Valvometry, the electronic measurement of bivalve shell opening and closing, has been demonstrated to be a valuable biomonitoring technique in previous ecological and environmental studies. Valvometric data has been shown to relate significantly to pollution, predation, animal stress and feeding...
#clams #opendata #valvometry #OpenScience #UniversityofArizona
21h ago
From plos.org
12,000-year-old spindle whorls and the innovation of wheeled rotational technologies
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‘The wheel and axle’ revolutionized human technological history by transforming linear to rotary motion and causing parts of devices to move. While its ancient origins are commonly associated with the appearance of carts during the Bronze Age, we focus on much earlier wheel-shaped find–an...
on Wed, 9PM
From plos.org
Ten simple rules for scientific code review
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Author summary Scientists are increasingly writing code as part of their research. Code review is a common practice in software engineering, which entails detailed and continual examination of additions and changes to a software code-base. This article explains why and how this practice is...
on Sep 5
From plos.org
Immigrant birds learn from socially observed differences in payoffs when their environment changes
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Theory predicts that strategic flexibility in using social information can help individuals make adaptive decisions. A large-scale cultural diffusion experiment reveals that great tits (Parus major) use a payoff-biased social learning strategy when immigrating into an environment with different...
on Fri, 12PM
From plos.org
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Learning and decision-making ability undergo substantial changes throughout development, with adolescents showing elevated levels of choosing suboptimal options (’decision noise’). This study shows that the development of specific and more sophisticated choice behavior in adulthood is linked to...
on Fri, 11AM
From plos.org
Teaching deep networks to see shape: Lessons from a simplified visual world
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Author summary When humans recognize objects, the cue they rely on most is shape. In contrast, deep neural networks mostly use local features like color and texture to classify images. We investigated how this difference arises, using images of simple shapes like rectangles and the letters L and...
on Thu, 4PM
From plos.org
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When we experience pain, the sensory input is modulated by contextual information. This neuroimaging study shows how expectation and sensory input are integrated in the human brain during pain perception, delineating the spatiotemporal architecture of this process in different brain regions.
on Thu, 10AM
From plos.org
Youthful insight: Nitrogen sequestration in larvae provides clues to coral bleaching
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Impaired nutrient cycling under thermal stress foregoes coral bleaching, the loss of symbiotic algae. This Primer explores a new study in PLOS Biology which sheds light on how coral larvae avoid bleaching through nitrogen sequestration to uphold glucose translocation from their algal symbionts.
on Thu, 10AM
From plos.org
Exploring social perceptions of everyday smartglass use in Australia
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Smartglasses like Ray-Ban Stories by Meta are now commercially available, offering users features like photography, videography, music playback, phone calls, and content sharing. While existing research identifies barriers to adoption, no study has investigated the social acceptability of these...
on Thu, 3AM
From plos.org
Evolutionarily conserved brainstem architecture enables gravity-guided vertical navigation
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What are the neural circuits that transform gravity signals into neuronal signals for navigation? This study describes a sensorimotor circuit that transforms gravitational signals into persistent heading for vertical navigation, showing how vestibular inputs allow animals to move effectively...
on Wed, 2PM
From plos.org
Spatiotemporal requirements of nuclear β-catenin define early sea urchin embryogenesis
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Beta-catenin plays essential roles during the early embryogenesis of many animals, but these roles have been established mainly at the time of fertilization. This study uses an inducible knockdown system to determine the spatiotemporal roles played by nuclear b-catenin during early embryogenesis...
on Wed, 2PM
From plos.org
Deep mutational scanning of H5 hemagglutinin to inform influenza virus surveillance
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H5 influenza is considered a potential pandemic threat. Using deep mutational scanning, this work reveals how the >10,000 different possible amino-acid mutations in hemagglutinin affect cell entry, receptor preference, protein stability and neutralization by antibodies, which can inform...
on Wed, 12PM
From plos.org
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Rising sea surface temperatures threaten coral-algal symbiosis, impacting reef ecosystems. This study shows that coral larvae alter nutrient metabolism by increasing nitrogen assimilation to maintain symbiotic relationships and survive thermal stress.
on Wed, 9AM
From plos.org
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PLOS believes in a better future where science is open to all, for all. We are redefining publishing by demonstrating that new solutions are feasible and deliver tangible benefits for the entire research enterprise.
on Wed, 8AM
From plos.org
The most detailed anatomical reconstruction of a Mesozoic coelacanth
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Although the split of coelacanths from other sarcopterygians is ancient, around 420 million years ago, the taxic diversity and the morphological disparity of the clade have remained relatively low, with a few exceptions. This supposedly slow evolutionary pace has earned the extant coelacanth...
on Wed, 1AM
From plos.org
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The authors explore the potential role of mitochondrial calcium signaling in vertebrate pigmentation. They show that mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) regulates melanogenesis via the activation of NFAT2 and Keratin 5, and that targeting this signalling axis could be used to treat pigmentary disorders.
on Tue, 12PM
From plos.org
High-level visual prediction errors in early visual cortex
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Surprising sensory input triggers stronger neural activity than expected input, but at which level of the cortical hierarchy are these predictions made? This study shows that prediction errors are computed at higher cortical levels and the resulting surprise signal is broadcast to earlier areas.
on Tue, 12PM
From plos.org
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Vibrio bacteria sense their surroundings, such as changes in cell density and nutrients, and respond to them using various signaling pathways. This study reveals a link between quorum sensing and metabolic regulation that confers fitness advantages in the presence of certain nutrients.
on Tue, 11AM
From plos.org
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DRN and WUS are known to upregulate the transcription of CLV3 in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis, but how remains unclear. In this study, DRN is shown to interfere with WUS dimerization and chromatin remodeling to activate CLV3 transcription, thus contributing to the maintenance of the...
on Mon, 10AM
From plos.org
Crosstalk between circadian clocks and pathogen niche
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Circadian rhythms are intrinsic 24-hour oscillations found in nearly all life forms. They orchestrate key physiological and behavioral processes, allowing anticipation and response to daily environmental changes. These rhythms manifest across entire organisms, in various organs, and through...
on Sun, 4PM
From plos.org
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Breaking boundaries.Empowering researchers.Opening Science. PLOS is a nonprofit, Open Access publisher empowering researchers to accelerate progress in science and medicine by leading…
on Sat, 7PM
From plos.org
Analysis of Time to Event Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials by Generalized Additive Models
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Background Randomized Controlled Trials almost invariably utilize the hazard ratio calculated with a Cox proportional hazard model as a treatment efficacy measure. Despite the widespread adoption of HRs, these provide a limited understanding of the treatment effect and may even provide a biased...
on Sat, 4PM
From plos.org
The influence of kindness on academics’ identity, well-being and stress
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The well-being of people working and studying in higher education, including students, staff, and faculty, is a topic of increasing concern. The lack of well-being may be attributed to the current academic context, which does not consistently provide cues that affirm social inclusion to all...
on Nov 8
From plos.org
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How RNA viruses manipulate the host cell to establish replication factories is not well understood. This study identifies a cytoplasmic form of Euchromatic Histone Methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) and shows it methylates viral nucleoproteins, promoting inclusion body maturation and viral replication.
on Nov 8
From plos.org
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The establishment of new growth poles in fission yeast canonically depends on microtubules and the Tea1-Tea4 complex. This study identifies an alternative pathway dependent on actin and Rgf1-Rho1 that acts in parallel and marks the growth poles independently of Tea1-Tea4.
on Nov 8
From plos.org
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Microbial communities are constantly evolving, affecting their ability to resist invading pathogens. This study shows that adaptive changes in resource competition between species can make bacterial communities more susceptible to invasion.
on Nov 8
From plos.org
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How do repeated influenza infections generate such a complex immunological landscape? This study of influenza A/H3N2 in humans estimated lifetime infection histories for 1,130 individuals, reconstructing influenza incidence and antibody patterns across age, location, and time.
on Nov 8
From plos.org
Evaluating LLMs’ grammatical error correction performance in learner Chinese
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Large language models (LLMs) have recently exhibited significant capabilities in various English NLP tasks. However, their performance in Chinese grammatical error correction (CGEC) remains unexplored. This study evaluates the abilities of state-of-the-art LLMs in correcting learner Chinese...
on Nov 7
From plos.org
Fishy business in Seattle: Salmon mislabeling fraud in sushi restaurants vs grocery stores
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Salmon is the most commonly consumed finfish in the United States of America (USA), and the mislabeling of salmon is a widespread problem. Washington State is a global supplier of wild-caught Pacific salmon and local salmon mislabeling results in substantial economic, ecological, and cultural...
on Nov 7
From plos.org
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The ~15,800 year-old Magdalenian site of Gönnersdorf, in Germany, has produced 406 engraved schist plaquettes which have been extensively studied in the past. The introduction of advanced imaging technologies, notably Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), has now precipitated a re-evaluation...
on Nov 7
From plos.org
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Background Although fake news creation and consumption are mutually related and can be changed to one another, our review indicates that a significant amount of research has primarily focused on news creation. To mitigate this research gap, we present a comprehensive survey of fake news...
on Nov 7
From plos.org
Closing the sensory feedback loop is necessary for effective neurorehabilitation
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Recent advances in neurotechnology enable somatosensory feedback restoration in disabled individuals. This Perspective discusses how closing the sensory feedback loop in brain implants and nerve electrodes for stimulation may improve rehabilitation and assistive systems for patients.
on Nov 7
From plos.org
Ethical considerations for the use of brain–computer interfaces for cognitive enhancement
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The use of invasive brain-computer interfaces holds great potential for not only medical applications, but also improving human cognition. This Essay explores the ethical, scientific and practical challenges posed by the use of this technology for cognitive enhancement.
on Nov 7
From plos.org
Gather your neurons and model together: Community times ahead
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Bottom-up, data-driven, large-scale models can provide a mechanistic understanding of neuronal functions. This Primer explores a new study in PLOS Biology that builds a biologically realistic model of the rodent CA1 region that aims to become an accessible tool for the whole hippocampus community.
on Nov 7
From plos.org
Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ in Democrats and Republicans
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Liberals and conservatives exhibit different cognitive styles and converging lines of evidence suggest that biology influences differences in their political attitudes and beliefs. In particular, a recent study of young adults suggests that liberals and conservatives have significantly different...
on Nov 6
From plos.org
Adoption of the voluntary conflict of interest statement on PubMed
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In 2017, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) added a voluntary field for conflict of interest (COI) statements (“posted COI”) on the abstract page of PubMed, but the extent to which it is used is unknown. This repeated cross-sectional study examined journals and articles indexed on PubMed...
on Nov 6
From plos.org
The expanding horizon of neurotechnology: Is multimodal neuromodulation the future?
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The clinical applications of neurotechnology are rapidly expanding, and the combination of different approaches could be more effective and precise to treat brain disorders. This Perspective discusses the potential and the challenges of ‘multi-modal neuromodulation’, which combines modalities...
on Nov 6
From plos.org
Advances and challenges in the development of visual prostheses
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Visual prostheses have undergone significant developments in the past 20 years, from early retinal implants to recent cortical approaches, but their clinical application is still limited. This Perspective outlines the remaining challenges to achieve the ambitious clinical goals for visual prostheses.
on Nov 6
From plos.org
Harnessing plant biosynthesis for the development of next-generation therapeutics
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Genomics-based predictions indicate that plants harbor the ability to make a vast array of as yet undiscovered chemistry. This Perspective argues that recent advances open up the potential to harness this capability at unprecedented scale for the discovery and development of new drugs.
on Nov 6
From plos.org
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Background Current physical activity guidelines may be insufficient to address health consequences in a world increasing in sedentary behavior. Physical activity is a key lifestyle factor to promote healthy aging, but few studies examine activity in conjunction with sitting. We examine how...
on Nov 6
From plos.org
Telomere Fragment Induced Amnion Cell Senescence: A Contributor to Parturition?
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Oxidative stress (OS)-induced senescence of the amniochorion has been associated with parturition at term. We investigated whether telomere fragments shed into the amniotic fluid (AF) correlated with labor status and tested if exogenous telomere fragments (T-oligos) could induce human and murine...
on Nov 6
From plos.org
Biomedical researchers’ perspectives on the reproducibility of research
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There is growing interest in the reproducibility of research and ways to enhance transparency. This study uses an international survey of more than 1900 biomedical researchers to reveal the perceived causes of irreproducibility of research results, experience of conducting replication studies,...
on Nov 6
From plos.org
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Integrating data from different experimental approaches into one model is challenging. This study presents a community-based, full-scale in silico model of the rat hippocampal CA1 region that integrates diverse experimental data from synapse to network.
on Nov 6
From plos.org
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Determining how different cell types coordinate to form and maintain tissues is crucial to understand cancer and other pathologies. This study presents a transcriptomic analysis of the twelve major cell types that make up the human breast, providing a resource to study cell-intrinsic...
on Nov 6
From plos.org
Can neurotechnology revolutionize cognitive enhancement?
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The development and implementation of neurotechnology for cognitive enhancement could spearhead a new wave of innovation. The authors argue in this Perspective that this will only happen with a more fundamental understanding of human brain function.
on Nov 5
From plos.org
The future of transcranial ultrasound as a precision brain interface
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Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive solution to interface with specific brain regions with high precision to combine diagnostics with therapeutic interventions. This Essay explores the challenges and proposes a roadmap for the evolution of TUS from a research...
on Nov 5
From plos.org
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Author summary Many studies of learning in biological neural networks have focused on how plausible plasticity rules shape individual connections between neurons in a recurrent network or in feed-forward projections. However, in the latter case, the presynaptic network properties, such as...
on Nov 5
From plos.org
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The rapid economic development and accelerating urbanization have led to a significant mismatch between the urban bus network allocation and the population flow. Therefore, this paper investigates this challenge by exploring the intricate relationship between the population flow dynamics,...
on Nov 5
From plos.org
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Apoptotic cells are known to signal to neighboring cells to stimulate proliferation and compensate for cell loss, but how? This study shows that apoptotic extracellular vesicles carrying MIF directly stimulate epithelial stem cell repopulation during tissue maintenance, and guide macrophages to...
on Nov 5
From plos.org
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Sexual selection has powerful effects on organismal morphology, behavior and population dynamics, but how does it vary geographically, and what are the underlying drivers? This study of 10,671 bird species distributed worldwide reveals that avian sexual selection varies latitudinally, and is...
on Nov 5